Uses air leakage measurements in laboratory and site studies in Poland to define a power law relationship between pressure acting across the opening and flow rate, and explains the effects on heat loss calculations. Results of indoor climate measurements over a two year period are given. Describes use of a computer model to calculate heat demand of different ventilation systems. Real heat requirement is about 40% larger than the calculated values.
Reviews the most important sources of indoor air pollutants, and means of measuring the contamination of room air by persons (carbon dioxide and odours). Lists some recommendations for minimum ventilation rates, based on the results of experimental investigations.
Indoor air quality research in Canada is outlined. 17 indicators are being considered in drawing up air quality criteria and guidelines for residential application. They comprise: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, radon and radon decay products, formaldehyde, aldehydes, nitrogen dioxide, microbiological agents, moisture, particulates, ozone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, lead, pesticides, aerosols, synthetic fibres and asbestos, and oxides of sulphur.
Describes construction of timber-frame housing to high level of airtightness. A target level of 0.4 ach at 50 Pa was set. At this level, total air control provides an extremely high level of comfort by eliminating draughts and by supplying precise amounts of fresh air where required. An air and vapour barrier was installed within the house structure.
Describes a series of tests carried out in two interconnected environmental chambers, to determine the accuracy of airflows calculated from tracer gas measurements using a new rapid sampling system. The system is capable of measuring 3 tracer gases simultaneously.
During a 12 month period, an experimental house (retrofitted, with an air to air heat exchanger) and a control house are being monitored for various infiltration, indoor air quality and energy use parameters.
Investigations have been carried out over the last three years in industrial buildings having a variety of manufacturing processes. Data were collected on contaminant source and behaviour, exhaust ventilation, supply air, workroom pressure differentials, air currents in the workroom and discharges from exhaust ventilation systems. From these measurements a workroom air balance was drawn up and the re-entrainment of contamination from discharge into the breathing zone of people in the workroom was studied.
Describes a completely automated constant concentration tracer gas technique for measurement of air infiltration. The equipment consists of five components: 1 a controller, 2 a tracer gas analyzer, 3 an injection and sampling unit, 4 special mixing fans and 5 apparatus for the calibration of the tracer gas flow. The system is controlled by a microcomputer.
Outlines the fundamentals of insulation and airtightness, proper air quality, and ventilation. Presents details of design and construction for walls, roofs, foundations, windows, and air-vapour barriers, as well as discussions of ventilation systems, heating systems, appliances and methods of testing and evaluation. One of the appendices gives weather data for selected US and Canadian cities. Aims to be accessible to the interested layperson or homeowner.
This paper presents the measurement technique and results of 23 one-week measurements of air change rate in occupied dwellings. The measurements conducted show that the occupants exert a very considerable influence on the total air change rate. The air change rate for occupied dwellings is, on average, 3-4 times greater than the rate in sealed dwellings (with air-escape valves, doors, windows and ventilation system closed). The measurements also reveal a trend towards a higher air change rate in mechanically ventilated dwellings than in naturally ventilated dwellings.
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