Ever since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the subsequent anthrax incidents in the US, attempts have been being made to thwart further attacks and other forms of terrorism.Attacks involving chemical and/or biological agents (CBA) are among the most dreaded because of the ease with which they can be produced and disseminated as well as their fatal potency.Protecting buildings and built-in environments against bioterrorism or CBA attacks are key issues in homeland security.
For this research, results from field surveys are used to formulate a method for simulation of office buildings to include the effects of window opening behaviour on comfort and energy use. What is general window opening behaviour ? How can an "adaptive algorithm" be framed to predict whether windows are open ? How can the algorithm be used within a simulation to allow the effects of window opening on comfort and energy use to be quantified ? These are the points the paper focuses on. The findings are presented.
The European Standardisation Organisation (CEN) has drafted several standards to help the member countries to implement the European Directive for Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) approved in 2003.One of these draft standard is the "Indoor environmental criteria for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings-addressing IAQ, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics" This paper describes the philosophy of some of the principles used in the standard, and gives some examples presented in it.
By modeling the particles deposition in ventilation ducts, the authors discuss the effect of ventilation duct as a particle filter. An Eulerian model is used to predict the particle deposition velocity from fully developed turbulent flow in ventilation duct. Two empirical equations are proposed to predict the particle deposition velocity, and to predict the particle penetration through the bends. Losses through ventilation duct are evaluated. Straight duct and duct bend cases are analyzed. The results of an application case are presented
This paper presents findings from an in-situ study on a group of minienvironments that focuses on the characterization and evaluation of their environemental performances in a clean room. The authors found that not so high pressure differentials, as required in relevant industry standards, are necessary to achieve a high level of air cleanliness to meet environmental control expectation .
A questionnaire study has been carried out to investigate the prevalence of SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) in a multistory centrally air-conditioned Airport Authority of India building in New Dehli city. The quantification of the users' perception about IAQ was done by converting their responses to a SBS score. A qualitative and quantitative analysis were then conducted. A direct relation between the average SBS score and CO2 concentration was found, clearly signifying the usefulness of SBS score in IAQ.
Parametric studies of facade designs for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore were carried out in view to optimize facade designs for a better indoor thermal comfort and energy saving. Thermal comfort regression model for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore was used to evaluate the various facade designs . The simulation results are presented along with the conclusions.
Detection and diagnosis of multiple faults in VAV systems using principal component analysis (PCA) and joint angle analysis (JAA) are presented in that paper. With the multiple faults separated into different locations, joint angle analysis is used to isolate the faults one by one according to corresponding local models.
For that study, a model has been developed in order to calculate indoor concentrations of PM 2.5. Nitrate, sulfate and black carbon in residences, taking into account modeled air exchange rates and outdoor concentrations measured far and close to those residences.
An investigation was conducted on selected locations in air handling units (AHUs) to identify common mold species found on these locations and determine whether the operating condition of AHUs is related to that mold contamination. A microbial sampling protocol including interpretations of sample results is presented in that paper.
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