English

To face infection in hospitals, the control of the concentration of bacteria in patient rooms is necessary. For that study, computation and experiment were carried out in a real hospital isolation room. CFD software was used to simulate steady and transient air motion. A fog generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer was used to put experimental bacteria into the patient room.. The effect of bacteria removal by means of colony counts was examined. Both computational and experimental results proved that the original design of the isolation room could not remove bacteria effectively.

The aim of negative pressure control in an isolation room is to control the airflow so as to control the movement of airborne infectious particles. The differential pressure between isolation room and adjacent ambient areas should control the direction of airflow from clean to less clean areas. But operations such as the opening or closing of the door between the two areas would destroy the differential pressure.

A field study was carried out in a cold area market building. The IAQ and various kinds of factors that influence IAQ and human body 's thermal comfort were analyzed. In parallel the personnel was investigated through questionnaire. Results show that the main reason that caued poor IAQ was shortage of fresh air and insufficient ventilation.

Top Hung windows are typical and popular in North China. Measures in classrooms of Tianjin University equipped with such windows have been made. Then under different conditions, the comparison has been made with sliding windows : it appeared then that the indoor air quality was better.

The quality of indoor air and health effects were investigated first in 1992 and then in 2003, in 3 Swedish dental clinics located in different part of the town of Uppsala. Material and methods were studied . Health effects were recorded. Results of that follow-up study are presented

Some research indicate that people spend nearly 90 % of their time indoors. The scientific evidence indicates that the air within homes and other buildings can be more polluted that the outdoor air, even in industrialized cities. So for many people, the risks for health due to exposure to air pollution are greater indoors than outdoors. A survey was conducted to study the air quality related factors and their impact in various types of offices, with the analysis of parameters such as CO2 content, air velocity, dust, odour and humidity.

The authors investigated several homes in huge chinese cities, during one year.The comparison of data made in newly fitted homes and in homes fitted for more than 3 years revealed that indoor air pollution was very serious in the second ones. The main pollutants present are formaldehyde and toluene (emitted from building materials and furniture) and ammonia (emitted form the wall materials). To improve indoor air, the authors suggest choosing environmental material to fit up houses and a good ventilation.

A full scale chamber of 57.9 m3 was built for that study, in order to establish the standard model available in the domestic experiments. Internal ventilation was available through the HVAC system. For the performance assessment of that chamber, measurements of the temperature, humidity, ventilation effectiveness, background concentration were made along with the measurement of the emission rate of pollutants at different airflow rate.

That study aimed at evaluating the air distribution in three big , air-conditioned Chinese markets, with floor area varying from 3890 to 5760 m2. Measurements of temperature, air velocity and humidity in the air conditioning environment were made. Standard deviation of temperature and air velocity and ADPI were calculated.The analysis revealed a serious uneven temperature and air speed distribution in those markets.

For centuries, in Iceland, mineral based turf has been used as a buildng material.That use may have an effect on the prevalence of infectious diseases for the occupants. On the one hand, historical statistics were analysed to study the prevalence of infectious deseases in relation to turf dwellings, and on the second hand building materials, biological contaminants and indoor environent of existing turf dwellings were examined. Results are presented.