English

This paper reports the results of fluid flow measurements carried out at the exit of sidewall registers. Time-averaged mean velocity and turbulence (local root mean square velocity fluctuation) profiles were measured at the exit plane of two commonly used 8 in. 4 in. (203 mm 102 mm) sidewall registers.

For reliable operation of computer equipment in a data center, adequate cooling air must be supplied to the equipment. The distribution of cooling air through the perforated tiles in a raised-floor data center is governed by the fluid mechanics of the underfloor space. The pressure variation in that space is shown to be the cause of nonuniform distribution of airflow. The various factors that influence the distribution are discussed. The effect of floor height and tile open area is illustrated

This paper provides an overview of the benefits of plenum fans and a detailed discussion of some of the pitfalls. After covering some of the benefits leading to extensive use of plenum fans, included is a brief discussion of the major complaint expressed about plenum fans, which is that plenum
fans are less efficient than housed fans. Finally, the bulk of the paper covers problems that can result from poor design practices, sloppy construction, and careless handling.

New equations derived from the recent ASHRAE-sponsored research project RP-1026 will enable HVAC system designers to better predict aero-acoustic performance of sheet metal plenums. This paper deals primarily with the aerodynamic performance of flow-through plenums and presents new
total pressure drop equations for some of the most common plenum configurations. Comparisons are made between these equations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, and hand-calculation methods. The practical uses of plenums are discussed along with prescriptive rules of thumb to help

This paper describes the evaluation and recalibration of the complaint prediction model developed by Federspiel (2000). We collected temperature time-series data and complaint data from six buildings ranging in size from 60,000 ft2 to 800,000 ft2 from three different geographical locations. Using these data, we found a low correlation between the observed number of complaint events and the Predicted Average Complaint Events (PACE) for the monitoring intervals and systematic underprediction of hot complaints.

This paper presents the results of four thermal comfort surveys conducted in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned buildings located in Bari, in southern Italy, during winter and summer seasons. The buildings were of different types, including offices, lecture rooms, and library reading rooms. The

This analysis explores a discrepancy between neutral on the ASHRAE scale and prefer no change on a thermal preference scale. The data employed are from numerous field studies drawn from two large databases. Multivariate analysis showed that the ASHRAE scale vote depended not only on the recognized thermal variables but also on the outdoor temperature, while the thermal preference vote was relatively little influenced by outdoor temperature.

This paper presents the results of surveys of the use of simple controls opening of windows, the closing of window blinds, and the use of lighting, heaters, and fans by building occupants. Information is also presented on the use of air conditioning in mixed-mode buildings. The surveys were conducted in the UK, Pakistan, and throughout Europe. The data are analyzed to show how the use of each control varies with outdoor temperature. The paper discusses the application
of such results to the simulation of occupied buildings.

Past research (ASHRAE RP-884) demonstrated that occupants of naturally ventilated buildings are comfortable in a wider range of temperatures than occupants of buildings with centrally controlled HVAC systems. However, the exact influence of personal control in explaining these differences could only be hypothesized because of the limits of the existing field study data that formed the basis of that research. The objective of ASHRAE RP-1161 was to quantitatively investigate how

For static smoke exhaust systems, such as horizontal ceiling vents, buoyancy of the smoke layer is the driving force for smoke removal. However, wind effect should also be considered, as the smoke layer interface height can be raised up or pulled down, depending on the conditions. Key equations on calculating the smoke exhaust rates and the required vent area will be reviewed first in this paper. Modifications of those equations with wind effects are discussed. An atrium is taken as an