The architectural programme of educationalbuildings provides excellent opportunities forapplying environmentally sustainable designstrategies. This paper discusses the issues associatedwith this relationship and presents theconclusions of a research examining a numberof historical and contemporary built examples inGreece. It highlights the design parameterswhich have an important effect on occupantcomfort, indoor environmental quality and energyuse.
The use of Means of Transportation oftentimescreates problems that concern the waiting in thebus - stops and the discomfort of passengers dueto bad weather conditions.In order to tackle this problem a research wasconducted, which showed that a possible solutionis to create a prototype and autonomousbusstop.
The heat island effect is becoming increasinglymore intense in urban areas causing thermal discomfort,increased energy demand and acceleratingthe formation of harmful smog. The mitigationof the heat island effect can be achievedby the use of cool materials. Cool materials arecharacterized by high solar reflectance and infraredemittance values.
During the last decades, it has been observedthat the annual electricity consumption rose, especiallyduring the summer periods. It also hasreached high levels, due to the increased demandof air conditioning and refrigeration,mainly with electric systems.
Water, wind, light and mechanical effects do notonly play a role in complex engineered constructionsystems, but can also be basis for thedevelopment of construction products itself.Two examples will show how phenomenumsfound in nature have been translated into technicalapplications for coatings.Recent decades have been a very interestingand challenging period for the constructionmarket.
Benchmarking is a management approach toidentify best practices, find reasons of successand develop recommendations and implementationfor improvement. Method of building energyperformance benchmarking is discussed inthis paper. A database of office buildings inSingapore was presented and used as examplefor the data analysis and benchmarking methoddiscussion. Concepts of controllable and uncontrollablefactors of buildings energy performanceare introduced using mathematic model.Method of normalization and determination ofperformance indicators are discussed.
The present paper presents a method to characterizethe typical building from a group by applyingprincipal components analysis (PCA).The method has been developed on a sampleof secondary education school buildings inGreece. The purpose is to define the typicalbuilding in order to propose generalized improvementsfor energy efficiency of the buildingstock concerned. Therefore seven variables fromquestionnaires have been analyzed: heated surface,age of the building, insulation of the building,number of classrooms, number of students,schools operating hours and age of the heatingsystem.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and emissions frombuilding materials have been over the last decadesa major challenge for scientists, industryand consumers. In response to the need for improvedconsumer protection different kinds oflabelling systems for material emissions havebeen developed in many European countries andby industrial organisations. The main purpose isto protect consumers from exposure to chemicalpollutants and resulting adverse health effects(i.e., carcinogenic, teratogenic, irritant) or annoyanceby bad odours, which could be causedby chemical emissions from materials.
This paper introduces a new approach for theprediction of hourly energy consumption inbuildings. The proposed method uses nonlineartimeseries analysis techniques for the reconstructionof energy consumption timeseries andthe estimation of the dynamic invariants, and artificialneural networks as a nonlinear modelingtool.Among the several neural network modelingfactors that affect time-series prediction, themost important are the window-size and thesampling lags for the data.
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